A while back, Marcel Reich-Ranicki, a famous German literary critic, published his Kanon, a list of the most noteworthy works in German-language literature. I have been working my way (slowly!) through the list of novels, and today's post looks at another of Reich-Ranicki's recommendations - and a very good book it is too...
*****
Joseph Roth's major work Radetzkymarsch (The Radetzky March) is a novel which you will find on any list of best German-language novels, occasionally at the very top of the tree. It is a family saga spanning three generations, set in the dying days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, where the fate and fortunes of the Trotta family are intertwined with those of Emperor Franz Josef I - and of the empire itself...
The story begins in 1859, at the Battle of Solferino, where a quick-thinking soldier dives on the Emperor to save him from being assassinated by an enemy sniper. The monarch's gratitude expresses itself in the form of riches and promotion to the aristocracy - a fair reward for the son of a Slovenian farmer. However, the prize turns out to be a double-edged sword - both the brave soldier and his descendants struggle to come to terms with their new station in life. The new Baron is astounded by the way his life has changed:
"Als hätte man ihm sein eigenes Leben gegen ein fremdes, neues, in einer Werkstatt angfertigtes vertauscht, wiederholte er sich jede Nacht vor dem Einschlafen und jeden Morgen nach dem erwachen seinen neuen Rang und seinen neuen Stand, trat vor den Spiegel und bestätigte sich, daß sein Angesicht das alte war."He passes away, never having quite come to terms with his elevation in life. However, for his son and grandson, life is to be even more difficult...
"As if his life had been exchanged for a strange, new one, one which had been factory-made, every night before sleeping and every morning after waking up, he repeated his new rank and position in life, walked up to the mirror and checked that his face was still the same old one."***
Franz, the son, becomes a high-ranking goverment official, having been expressly forbidden by his father to enter the military. However his son, Carl Joseph, at his father's request, does become a soldier. Sadly, just like the first baron, the two are unable to enjoy life as privileged gentlemen; a constant feeling of being slightly out-of-place mixed with misfortune in love leads to a lifetime searching for a reason to keep going.
Part of the problem is the absence of female influence in their lives. Both Franz's mother and wife passed away at an early age, events which have lasting effects on the Trottas. The father buries himself in work and tradition, following a regime so regimented that the outside world is unable to penetrate or surprise it. The son wanders around lost, in search of affection, often finding it in the arms of an older woman - a mother figure...
There is one more important male character in the novel though, one who has an enormous influence on events. Kaiser Franz Joseph himself appears several times, meeting all three generations of the Trottas, and the fate of the Barons seems inextricably linked to those of the Emperor and his realm. As the Empire totters towards its destruction, decaying gradually over decades before being given the coup de grace by the events of the First World War, so too does the ageing Franz Joseph move gracefully towards the grave. And let's not forget, the Emperor also lost his wife at an early age...
Roth skilfully uses a visual metaphor to bind the fortunes of the two families further. The first Baron had his portrait painted by one of his son's friends, a painting which remains in the family, and which his grandson is obsessed with. As the second Baron ages, he begins to resemble the portrait remarkably - but this is not the only resemblance. The Kaiser too has his portrait (found all over his empire), leaving the youngest Trotta to be watched over by two formidable old men - it isn't easy being constantly in the eyes of the Kaiser...
"Seine Gnade selbst, die über der Familie der Trottas ruhte, war eine Last aus scheidendem Eis. Und Carl Joseph fror es unter dem blauen Blick seines Kaisers."
"Even his favour, which rested upon the Trotta family, was a burden of ice. And Carl Joseph froze beneath the blue gaze of his Emperor."***
As the empire draws closer to its inevitable doom, so too does the family line of the Trottas, men lifted above their station, a historical aberration soon to be smoothed out. In linking the fate of the family with that of the empire, Roth allows the reader to witness the death throes of what was one of Europe's great powers. It all makes for a wonderful novel, one worthy of its inclusion in Reich-Ranicki's pantheon of German-language greats.
*****
So, after the success of Hotel Savoy, that's two out of two for Roth - time to look for more of his work :) As for the Kanon, despite my recent activity, that is just the ninth of the top novels that I've read. Another eleven to go...
*** All translations are my own, pitiful efforts ;)
